Transmission



March 2, 1943. w. L; PLLARD TRANSMISSION Filed sept. 11, 1940` 5 sheets-*sheet 1 I Ill J, Mw w am La ow.

March 2, 1943-. A w. l.. POLLARD TRANSMISSION Filed sept. 11, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 faj- ' Patented Mar. 2, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TRANSMISSION Willard L. Pollard, Evanston, nl.v

Application September 11, 1940, Serial No. 356,255

(c1. 74-1sa5l 15 Claims.`

My invention relates to variablespeed transmissions.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a variable speed transmission including a hydraulic torque converter which will have a relatively high elciency over a. substantial speed ratio change.

A further object is to provide such a construction which will embody an over-drive.

A further object is to provide such a construction which will embody an under-drive.

A further object is to provide an. improved variable speed transmission having a two-path power flow, one of which includes a uid drive.

Further objects will appear from the description and claims.v

In the drawings, in which several forms of my invention are shown,

Fig. lis an axial sectional view showing a hydraulic converter combined with a planetary transmission.

Fig. 2 is an axial sectional View showing another form.

Fig. 3 is an axial sectional view showing another form.

Fig.- .54 is an axial sectional view another form.

Fig. 5 is a view showing efficiency and torque course plotted against speed ratio.

Fig. 6 is an axial sectional view -showing showing another form of hydraulic converter combined with a planetary transmission.

Fig.' '7 isan axial sectional view showing a hydraulic coupler combined with the planetary transmission. I

Fig. 8 is an axial sectional view "showing another form of hydraulic coupler combined with a planetary transmission.

Fig. 9 is lan axial sectional view showing` another form of combined coupler and plane Fig. 16 is an axial section showing another form.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the construction shown therein comprises a drive shaft .I which may be driven from an automobile motor, a driven shaft 2 which may be connected with the rear end transmission, an intermediate shaft 3 in axial alignment with the driving and driven shaft, a hydraulic torque converter comprising a. pump` rotor I connected to rotate with the drive shaft I, a turbine rotor 5 rotatable'with a sleeve 6 surrounding the intermediate shaft 3, a vaned reactance stato-rotor 1. having a one-way anchorage device 8 to prevent reverse rotation,v a one-way anchorage device 9 to prevent reverse rotation of thesleeve 6, a planetary gear constructioncomprisingl a sun gear I Il keyed to the intermediate shaft 3, a ring gear II keyed to thev sleeve 6, a gear carrier I2 keyed to the ldriven shaft 2, planet gearing I3 carried by the gear carrier and meshing with the sun gear I0 and. ring gear Il, and. acne-way clutch I4' by means of whichunder certain conditions the ring gear II may drive .the driven shaft 2. A suitable clutch is provided by means of which under certain conditions the intermediate shaft may be connected to rotate with the motor shaft. This clutch may comprise a clutch disc I5 splined on the intermediate shaft 3 and operated by the' coil I6 of an electric clutch which is energized when the speedometer pointer controlled by the driven shaft makes contact with the contact I8 connected with the electric clutch.

A one-way clutch I Ba is provided to prevent the sun gear .I0 from over-running the pump 4.

In operation with the car standingY still the electric clutch will be cie-energized, thus eliminating the sun gear I0 as a driving member and the initial drive will be from the turbine rotor A 5 through the sleeve 6 and one-way clutch I4 to the driven shaft. kWhen the propeller shaft speed ,f causes the speedometer pointer I'I to move to through the intermediate shaft 3 and sun gear I0 to the planet gearing I3, and the other path being through the hydraulic torque converter and ring gear II to the planet pinions I3. l.

If at the time of change from pure hydraulic converter action to divided now action the torque drag on the ring gear I I is so great that the torque pull of the'tuiine rotor cannot cause back up until it rests against the one-way anchor 9, whereupon. the drive will be entirely through the sun gear I to the cage I2, as the ring gear II will be held against rotation by the one-way converter will act as a hydraulic coupling.

In theconstruction shown in Fig. 2, the motor shaft I, propeller shaft 2, intermediate shaft 3, pump rotor 4, turbine rotor 5, stato-rotor 1,- oneway clutch I8a and electric clutch members I5 -and I6 maybe substantially the same as in the form justdescribed. In this form, however, the turbine sleeve ,I9 is secured to a planet gear carrier 28 which carries planet pinions 2l meshing with the sun gear 22 and ring gear 23. The sun gear 22 and ring gear 23 are both held against l reverse rotation by means of one-way anchors 24 and 25 respectively. Sun gear 22 and statorotor 1 are'mounted on a sleeve 25a surroundin the sleeve I9.

'I'he intermediate shaft 3 is keyed vto a sun gear 26 which meshes with planet pinions 21 carriedvby the gear carrier 28 keyed to the propeller shaft 2. These planet pinions 21 also mesh with the ring gear 23. The ring gear is provided with a one-way clutch 29 by means of which it. may

under certain conditions drive the propeller shaft. v

In use, with the propeller shaft 2v standing still, the clutch I will be disconnected and the sun gear 25 will be eliminated as a drive factor. Un-

der these conditions the drive will be through the turbine rotor 5, tubular shaft I9, gear carrier 23,

planet pinions 2|, ring gear 23, and one-wayl clutch 29 to the driven shaft 2. The sun gear 22 and statolrotor 1 will be held against reverse rotation by the one-way anchor 24 acting on the sleeve 25a of the stato-rotor. the stato-rotor and sun gear 22 being held against forward rotation by the reverse reaction on the stator blades.

A one-way clutch 38 is provided to prevent the stato-rotor 1 from over-running the turbine sleeve I9.

When the propeller shaft has reached such a speed that the electric clutch I8 is energized to cause the sun gear 28 to rotate with the motor shaft I, this may result either in a divided power flow operation or in an elimination of the torque l converter action with a. drive through the sun Sear 28 and planet pinions 21 to the cage 28 keyed to the propeller shaft 2. If the drag on 28. 'I'he other path will be from the clutch plate I5 to the intermediate shaft 3 tothe planet pinions 21.

If,.however, the torque drag on the propeller and sun gear .28

-shaft is so great that the iiuid torque converter cannotcontinue to function, the ring gear 23 will-slow up until it cornes to rest against the one .way anchor 25 after which the drive will be sole- 1y through the sun gear 29 and planet pinions 21 Ato the propeller shaft cage 28. In this form as 78 the ring gear I I to advance, the ring gear will' well asin the form shown in Fig.'-1, a. one-way clutch I8a may be provided to prevent the sun gear from over-running the motor shaft in going downhill or the like.

5 In this form the sun gear 22 is connected with the stato-rotor 1 in such a way as to advance the time of change-over from torque conversion to coupling action of the converter. For this purpose the sun gear 22 is mounted on the sleeve 25a of ,the statofrotor l1 so that thje' a'ction of the planet pinions 2l on the sun gear 22 will exert a force tending to rotate the stato-rotor 1 in a forward direction thus acting to overcome the reverse reaction on the stato-rotor due to the torque l5 converter action.

The construction shown in Fig. 3 comprises the -motor shaft I, the intermediate shaft 3, the propeller shaft 2, the pump rotor 4, the turbine ro- -tor 5, the stato-rotor 1 and the clutch and clutch control I 5, I6, I1 and I8, which may be substantially the same as in the'forms previously described. In this'form,however, an overdrive is provided between the motor shaft I and the pump rotor 4 comprising a gear carrier 3i keyed to the tubular shaft 32- which rotates with the `motor shaft I, planet pinions 33 mounted on this gear carrier 3l, a ring gear 34 secured to rotate with the pump rotor 4 and a sun gear 35 meshing with the planet pinions 33; This sun gear 35 30 is connected with the stato-rotor 1 in such a way as to urge it in a forward direction of rotation by means of a tubular housing 36 surrounding the pump rotor 4 and secured to the stato-rotor 1 and l having a one-way clutch connection 31 with the 35 sleeve 38 of the sun gear 35 which prevents the sun gear 35 from over-running the tubular housing 38 and stato-rotor 1. A one-way anchorage device 39 is provided to prevent reverse rotation of the sun-gear 35. A brake 40 is provided for 40 holding the sun gear 35 against rotation when desired to eil'ect over-drive.

At the rear end of the transmission a ring gear' 4I is provided keyed to the tubular shaft 42 on which the turbine rotor 5 ismounted. A one- 5.^ A sun gear 43 is secured to the intermediate shaft 3 on which the clutch plate I5 is splined, this sun. gear meshing with planet pinions 44 mounted on a gear carrier 45 secured to the driven shaft 2 and meshing with the ring gear 4 I Another s et of planet pinions 48 are mounted on the gear carrier 45,'these pinions meshing with the ring gear 4I and also meshing with the sun gear 41 surrounding the propeller shaft 2 and held again'streverse'rotationby means of a one-way anchor 48.

When the'propeller shaft speed is too low to energize the electric clutch coil I8 'the sun gear 43 will be eliminated as part of the drive and the power flow from the motor shaft will be through the clutch housing 49, tubular shaft 32, gear carrier 3I, planet pinions 33, ring gear 34, `pump rotor 4,' stato-rotor 1, turbine rotor 5, tubular shaft 42, ring gear 4I, planet pinions 46 and cage 45 to the propeller shaft 2, the sun gear 41 being heid against reverse rotation by the one-way anchor 48. A one-way clutch 48a,may be'provided to prevent the sun 'gear 41 from over-running the shaft 2 in coasting.` i

enough to energize the electricgclutch coil I6 the sun gear 43 willbegin to rotate. If the propeller shaft,drag is too great to be overcome by the turbine pull, the ring gear 4| will slow down When the` propeller shaft speed. becomes great shaft 2.

'with the planet pinions 53 and provided with a is not so great as to eliminate the torque con' verter action, there will be a divided power flow, part being as above described through the sun gear 43 and the other part being through the planet vgear 33, ring gear 34, pump rotor 4, statorotor 1, turbine rotor 5, and ring gear 4|.

When the reverse uid reaction on the Stato- Vrotor 1 becomes less than the forward action exerted on the stop-rotor by the .sun gear 35, through the one-way clutch 31, and housing 36, the stato-rotor will begin to rotate, and the fluid torque converter will then act as a fluid coupling.

v To eifect overdrive the brake 4I) is applied to hold the sun gear 35 against rotation thus effecting an overdrive of the fluid coupling, and the consequent overdrive of the ring gear 4|.

In the construction shown in Fig. 4, the parts to the right of the tubular shaft 62 and thev ini termediate shaft are the same as in Fig. 3.

The sun gear 43, planet pinions 44, vpropeller shaft 2, and cage 45, also may be the same as shownin Fig. 3. In this form, however, a ring gear 5| is secured to-the tubular shaft 42 and to a sun gear 52 surrounding the propeller shaft 2, and meshing with planet pinions 53 secured to another gear carrier 54 keyed to the propeller A ring gear 55 is.provlded meshing one-way-anchor 56 to prevent reverse rotation.

In this form with the propeller shaft initiallyy ystationary and the clutch I5 re1eased,'the sun against reverse rotation by the one-way anchor 56. This will give avery low drive.

As the propellershaft picks up speed the electric clutch co'il I6 will be energized and the sun gear 43 will begin to rotate. If the drag on the propeller shaft is so great as to eliminate the torque converter action, the drive will be solely through the sun gear 43, planet' pinions 44 and propeller shaft cage 45, the ring gear 5| being held against reverse rotation by the one-way anchor 56. If, however, the drag on the propeller shaft 2 is not so great as to eliminate the torque converter action, there will be a divided power flow, one vpath being from the sun gear,

as indicated above, and the other being through the torque converter to the tubular shaft 42 and ring gear 5|. Overdrive may be effected just as in the form'previously described.

ratio range, and in which-the torque multiplication may in the form shown inFig. 4, forexample, rise as high as 8:1.

Fig. 6 showsa turbo-planetary transmission in which a plurality of turbines are provided, each turbine connected with a portion of a planetary transmission. The construction here 76 against, reverse rotation by the one-way anchor 6| and held against over-running the sleeve 62 of the turbine 59 by a one-way clutch 63, a oneway clutch 64 to prevent the secondary turbine 59 from over-running the intermediate shaft 3, a sun gear 65 having a one-way clutch connection l66 with the sleeve 61 of the stato-rotor 60 to prevent the sun gear 65 from over-running the stato-rotor, a gear carrier 68, rotatable with the sleeve 62 of the secondary turbine, planet gearing 69 meshing with the sun gear 65, a gear carrier 18 on which the planet gearing 1| is mounted keyed to the intermediate shaft 3, a sun gear 1| a rotatable with the gear carrier 68 and meshing with the planet gearing 1|, a ring gear 12 meshing with the planet gearing 1|, a vsun gear 13 rotatable with the ring gear 12, planet gearing 14 meshing with the sun gear 13, and a gear carrier 15 on which the planet gearing 14 is mounted, keyed to the driven shaft 2, the planet gearing 69 and 14 meshing with the duplex ring gear 16.

A clutch 11 may be provided for holding the sun gear 65 against rotation to secure overdrive of the ring gear 16 and enable the stato-rotor 60 to rotate freely with the turbines and pump.

In this form, with the vehicle initially sta.- tionary, the first drive will be from the primary turbine 58 through the intermediate shaft 3, gear carrier 18, planet gearing 1|, ring gear 12, sun gear 13, planet gearing 14, and gear 'carrier 15 to the driven shaft 2. During this stage the secondary turbine 59 and stato-rotor 60 are stationary, acting as vaned reaction members, the reaction torque on4 the vanes of the secondary turbine 5 9 and stato-rotor 6|l`being greater than the forward torque exerted on the sun gears1la and 65 by the planet gearing 1| and 69. As a vresult the ring gear 16 is held stationary. If the drag on the drivenY shaft 2 decreases to such an extent' that the reaction torque on the secondary turbine 59 becomes less than the forward torque exerted on the sun gear 1|.a, thesecondary turbine will begin to rotate, thus adding another power ow path between the drive shaft and driven shaft 2 through the secondary turbine 59, sleeve 62, gear carrier 68, planet gearing 69 and ring gear 16- If the drag on the driven shaft 2 decreases further to such an extent that the vreaction torque on the stato-rotor 68 becomes less than .the forward torque on the sun gear 65,

11 is `.operated to hold the sun gear 65 against' rotation, thus effecting an overdrive to the ring gear 16, the one-way clutch 66 enabling the stato-rotor 68 to continue to rotate at approximately the speed of the pump rotor 51. With this construction, eiiiciency and torque curves lsubstantially like that shown in Fig. 10 may be obtained, it being noted that highinitial torque is obtained approximately ten times that of the drive shaft, and that the efciency curve rises rapidly and stays at a relatively high point throughout the speed ratio range.

In Fig. 7 is shown a hydraulic coupler combined with a planetary having provisions for securing three emcient speed ratios. The con struction shown comprises' a drive shaft l, a A driven shaft 2, an intermediate shaft 3. a turbo.

coupler comprising a pump rotor 18 connectible and disccnnectible with respect to the drive shaft I by means of a clutch plate 18 splined on-the sleeve 80, a turbine rotor 8| driven from the pump rotor 18 and keyed to the intermediate shaft 3, and a casing 82 surrounding the rotors having a one-way anchor 83 to prevent reverse 'rotation of the casing and a one-way clutch84 to prevent the `casing from over-running the clutch casing 85 secured to the drive `shaft I, and a clutch plate 88 splined-on the sleeve 81 for connecting and disconnecting the casing 82l with respect to the clutch casing 85, a planetary construction comprising a sun gear 88 keyed to the intermediate shaft 3, a ring gear 88 secured to the coupler'housing 82, planet .gearing 80 meshing with the sun gear 88 -and ring gear 88, a planet c aring 80 mounted on the carrier 8|, a sun gear 83 held against reverse rotation by a one-way anchorv 94 engaging the sleeve 85 of the sun gear 83, the planet gearing 85 meshing'with the sun gear 98 and ring gear 88, a brake 81 for holding the ring gear 89 against rotation when desired, and a brake 88 for holding the sun gear 83 against rotation when desired.

In this form .with the car initiallystanding still,v the drive will be a hydraulic coupler' low gear from the drive `shaft I through the clutch housing 85, clutch plate 18, pump sleeve 80, pump 18, turbine 8|, intermediate shaft 3, sun gear 88, planet gearing'80 and cage 8| to the driven shaft 2, the ring gear 88 being held` against reverse 'rier 8| keyed to the driven shaft 2, planet gearthrough the coupler casing 88, pump rotor |00, 'y turbinel rotor |03. intermediate shaft 3, sun gear ing |01 meshing with the sun gear |04 and ring gear |05, a planet carrier |08 on which the planets |01 are mounted keyed to the driven shaft 2, another set of planet gears |08 also mounted on the gear carrier |08, and meshing with the ring gear |05', a sun gear I|0 meshing with the planet gearing |08, a one-wayranchor ||I for preventing reverse rotation of the sun gear, a one-way anchor ||2 for preventing reverse-rotation of the ring gear |05, a brake ||3 for holding the sun gear IIO against rotation, and a brake |I4 for holding the ring gear |05 against rotation. A one-way clutch II4a may be provided to prevent the ring gear |05 from overrunning the housing 88 when the clutch disc |08 is disconnected.

In this form the operation is substantially like that of Fig. 7. With the car initially standing still, the clutch plate |02 will be placed in position to connect the pump |00 with the coupler casing 98, the clutch plate |08 will be in-position to disconnect the ring gear |05 from the coupler casing, and the two brakes |I3 and II4 will be free. Under these'conditions the first drive will be a high torque drive from the drive shaft I |04, planet gearing |01, and gear carrier I 08 to the driven shaft 2, the ring gear |05 being held :ligginst reverse rotation by the one-way anchor For intermediate speed the clutch plate |02 is shifted to disconnect the pump rotor |00 and the clutch plate I 08 is shifted to connect the ring gear |05 with the coupler. casing 88. Under these conditions the drive is from the coupler casing 88, through the clutch |08, ring`gear |05, planet gearing |01, and gear carrier |08 to the driven shaft 2, the sun Agear ||0 being held against reverse rotation by the one-wayanchor III. For

v direct drive both clutch plates |02 and |08 are drive shaft through the clutch housing 85,

clutch platev88, sleeve 81 coupler housing 82,

ring gear 88, planet gearing 80, and cage 8| to the driven shaft 2, the sun gear 83 beingheld against reverserotation by the one-way anchor 84, the sun gear 88 andi turbine 8| assuming ring gear 89 or the sun gear 83 may be held against forward rotation aswell as against reverse rotation.

The formV shown'in Fig. 8 comprises a drive shaft I, a driven shaft 2, an intermediate shaft y3,-a hydraulic coupler comprising a housing 88 keyed to the drive shaft I, a pump rotor |00 connected to rotate with the coupler casing 88,

rier I 08.

fThe construction of Fig. 9 comprises a -drive shaft l, a driven shaft 2, an intermediate shaft a, a hydraulic coupler comprising a casing 5, a pump rotor I I8 keyed to a sleeve I1 on which a clutch plate II8 is splined, engageable and dis-Y .engageable with respect to the coupler housing I I5, and a turbine rotor AI I8 driven from the pump rotor II8 and keyed tothe intermediate shaft 3,

planet gearing comprising a sun gear |20 keyed to mounted on a sleeve I 0| and carrying a clutch v housing 98 of the hydraulic coupler, planet gearthe intermediate shaft 3, a ring gear 2| mounted on a sleeve |22, and having a clutch plate |23 splined thereon, engageable and disengageable with respect to the coupler casing ||5, planet gearing |24 meshing with the sun gear |28 and ring gear |2I, a gear carrier |25 upon which the planet gearing |24 is mounted keyed to the driven shaft 2, a sun gear I 28 surrounding the driven shaft 2, provided with a one-way anchor |21 for preventing reverse rotation, land planet gearing |28 meshing with thesun gear and ring gear mounted on the gear carrier.

A one-way clutch |28 is provided for preventing reverse rotation of the ring gear I2 I A brake |30 may be provided for holding the ring gear against rotation, if desired.

pump rotor II3 to rotate with the coupler vcasing ||5 and disconnecting the ring gear |2| from the coupler casing H5. Under these. conditions the drive is from the pump rotor I I6 through the turbine rotor I I9, intermediate shaft 3, sun gear |20, planet gearing |24 and gear 'carrier |25 to the driven shaft 2, the ring gear |2 I being held against reverse rotation by the one-way anchor |29. For intermediate speed the clutch plate |I8 is freed from connection with thecoupler casing I5 and the ring gear the coupler casing. Under these conditions the drive is from the clutch plate |23 through the ring gear |2|, planet gearing |24, and gear carrier |25 to the driven shaft 2, the sun gear |26 being held against reverse rotation by' the one-Way anchor. |21.

For direct drive both the ring gear and the pump rotor are connected to rotate with the coupler casing, the drive then being a divided power path, one path being from the ring gear |2| to the planet gearing |24, and the other path being from the pump rotor I6 through the turbine rotor I9,

vshaft 3, a hydraulic coupling comprising a pump rotor I3I keyed to the drive shaft I, a turbine rotor |32 keyed tothe intermediate shaft 3, a coupler housing |33 rotatable with the pump rotor, a sun" gear |34 keyed to the intermediate shaft 3, a ring gear |35 surrounding the .intermediate shaft, a two-way clutch |36 shiftable either to connect ythe ring gear |35 with the coupler housing |33 or to hold the ring gear against rotation by engage-v ment with a fixed friction ring |31, planet gearing |38 meshing with the ring gear |35 and sun gear |34, a gear carrier |39 on which the planet gears |38 are mounted, a set of triple planets |40 rotatable with the gear carrier, a sun gear I4| rotatable with the driven shaft, a sun gear |42 meshing with` a large diameter gear portion of the planet gears |40, a sleeve |43 rotatable with this sun gear, a two-way clutch |44 shiftable either to connect the sleeve with the driven shaft 2 or to hold the pinion |42 against rotation, a sun gear |44a meshing with the small diameter portion of the planet gears |40, a sleeve |45 rotatable with this sun gear, a brake drum 46 rotatable with this sleeve, and' a brake band |41 for holding the brake drum |40 against rotation.

For the lowestspeed the plates |48 and |49 are shifted to engage the stationary rings |31 and I5, respectively, to hold the-gears |35 and |42, respectively, against rotation. 'I'he drive from the drive shaft I to the cage |39 will then be through the pump rotor I3I, the turbine rotor |32, the

utch plate |23 is connected withl `asias@ andthe clutch plate |46 will be operated to connect the ring gear |35 to rotate with the coupler housing |33 and drive shaft Under these conditions the drive to the cage |39 from the drive shaft will be a divided power now, one path vbeing through the coupler housing |33 and ring gear to the planets |38 and the other path being through the pump rotor |3I, turbine rotor |32, intermediate shaft V3, ring gear |34 and planet gear |38. n

For direct drive the ring gear |35 will remain connected with the coupler housing |33 and the .clutch plate |49 will be shifted to connect the sun gear` |42 to rotate with the driven shaft 2.

For reverse the clutch plate |49 is placed in neutral, clutch plate |48 is shifted to hold the ring gear |35 against rotation, and the brake |41 is applied to hold the sun gear |44 against rotation. Under these conditions, the power ilow from the drive shaft I to the cage |39 will be as described in connection with the lowest gear.

v The sun gear |44 being held against rotation and being larger in diameter than the sun gear I4| will cause reverse rotation of the driven shaft 2.

-The construction shown in Fig. 12 comprises a drive shaft I, a driven shaft 2, an intermediate shaft 3, agear carrier |53 lkeyed to the drive shaft I, a sun gear |54 keyed to the intermediate shaft 3, a ring gear |55 rotatable on the intermediate shaft 3, planetgears |56 meshing with the sun gear |54 and ring gear |55 and carried by the gear carrier |53. a pump rotor |51" rotatable with the ring gear, a turbine rotor |58 rotatable with a sleeve |59 keyed to the intermediate yshaft 3, a stato-rotor |60 providing a reactance between the pump rotor and turbine rotor. a gear carrier I6| rotatable with the sleeve |59 of the turbine rotor, planet gears |62 mounted on this gear carrier |6I', a sun gear |63 .meshing with the planet gears |62, a. one-way clutch |64 for holding the sun gear |63 against reverse rotation, a one-way clutch |65 for preventing the sun gear |63 yfrom overrunning the stato-rotor |60, a one-way clutch |66 for preventing the stato-rotor from overrunning the turbine rotor |58, a manually operable holding device |61 for holding the sun gear sun gear |34, and planet gears |38. The drive from the cage |39 to the driven shaft 2 will be a reduced speed drive through the sun gear I4 I, the

sun gear |42 which is held against rotation being of larger diameter than the sun gear I4 I.

For the next higher speed ratio the ring gearv |35 will still be held against rotation but the clutch plate |49 will be shifted to grip the plate |52 and cause it to rotate with the casing |44, thus causing the sun gear |42 to rotate with the driven shaft 2. Under these conditions, the

. sun gear |42 will rotate with the sun gear |4| as a unit.

For the next higher speed the clutch plate |4I .will be v.operatedAio hold-the sun-igearl42 against rotation when desired for overdrive. a

ring gear |68 meshing with -the planet gears. |62 and keyed tothe intermediate shaft |63 rotation. The drive from the drive shaft I to the cage |69 will be a divided path` power ow. One path will -be from the drive shaft I through the cage |53, planet gears |56, ring gear |55,

pump rotor |51, stator |60, turbine rotor, |58, sleeve |59, cage I6I, planet gears I62.and ring gear |68. The other path will be from the drive shaft I through'cage |53, planet gears |56, sun gear |54, intermediate shaft"3, cage |6| ,and planet gears |62. The drives from the cage |69 to the driven shaft 2 will be just as described in. connection with the 10W speed ratio, direct drive, and reverse of Fig. 11.

Referring again to the frontend of the transmission, the sun gear |63 is connected by means of :the one-way clutch I65-to `the 'stator |60i against rotation as in the lowest speed ratio, so that the force actingpn the sun gear 4|63 i,

, sun gear |18.

tends to cause the stator |60 to rotate in the direction of the pump rotor |51. This results in early release of the sun gear |63 and stator |60 from the one-way anchor |64, causing the converter to Yact as a coupler at a more emcient point in its stage of operation than would otherwise be the case. power to the cage |68 is supplied through. a by-pass path including the sun gear |54 and intermediate shaft 3, increases the efciency of the transmission over one in which all of the power is transmitted through the hydraulic converter. f

The construction shown in Fig. 13 is similar to that shown in Fig. 11 except that in Fig. 13 the sun gear is connectible and disconnectible with respect to the motor drive shaft while the ring gear is secured to the intermediate shaft to which the turbine rotor is connected.` The clutch members |36, |31, |48 and |50,the clutch members |44, |48, and |52, the brake mem- 'bers |46, and |41, and the triple planets |40 The fact that part of thethe clutch ring |80 is shifted to the left to hold the sun gear |11 against rotation and to connect the driven shaft 2 with the sun gear |18. As the sun gear |18 is smaller than the sun gear |11, the driven shaft 2 will be driven in a direction reverse to that of the 088e |12 which is driven either by the ring gear portion |16 alone or by the ring gear portion |14in combination with the sun gear |10.

Therconstruction-'shown in Fig. 15 comprises a drive shaft I, a driven shaft 2, an intermediate shaft 3, a pump rotor 4 secured to aclutchcasing |83 rotatable with the drive shaft I, a one- 'way stator. 1, a turbine rotor 5, a clutch casing |84 secured to the turbine rotor, a one-way anchor |85 for preventing reverse rotation ofthe stator, a clutch |5 by means' of which the intermediate shaft 3 can be connected or disconnected with respect to the drive shaft a sun gear and the` sun gears |4|, |42, andi'l44 may be the same as in Fig. 11. The operation of this form will be clear from the description of Fig. 11.

I n Fig. 14, the drive shaft l, the driven shaft 2, the intermediate shaft v3, the pump rotor'4,

theturbine rotor 6, the stato-rotor 1, the one- `way clutch |8a, the clutch members I5 and |6 and the clutch control members |1'and` I8 may be'the same as those shown in Fig. 1. The gearing comprises a sun gear |10 securedv .to rotate with the intermediate shaft 3, a ring gear l1| lsecured to rotate with theturbine rotor 5,-

a planet gear carrier |12 connectible and disconnectibie with respect to the driven shaft 2,

ring gear portion |16 and witha -sun gear- |11 surrounding the driven shaft and a gear portion meshing with another sun gear |18 surrounding the driven shaft 2 and connectible and disconnectible with respect tothe driven shaft by axial movement of the driven shaft. A-one-way anchor |18 is provided to prevent of the sun gear |11.

A clutch-shifting ring |80 is shiftable from -the position shown in ,which it engages only aclutch portion on the sun gear |11 to a position reverse rotation' l connected to the turbine rotor. With the parts in which it engages a fixed anchorage ring 18| g surrounding the driven shaft v2. This lclutch'- shifting ring |80 is swiveled on a collar |82 secured to the driven shaft 2 so that when theclutch ring |80 is shifted, the driven shaft 2 also will be shifted to change the connection of the driven shaft 2 from the gear carrier |12 to vthe In this' construction, whenthe clutch I5 is disconnected, the sun gear |11 will be held against reverse rotation by the one-way lanchorage member |18 and the drive will be from the drive shaft through the clutch casing, the pump rotor 4, stato-rotor 1, turbine `rotor 5, ring gear |16, and planet gear |15 to the cage |12 which drivesthe driven shaft 2. -When the clutch |5` is operated to'cause the sun gear |10 to rotate with the drive, shaft. the sun gear |10 .aots

|86 secured to the intermediate shaft 3, a gear carrier |81 secured to rotate with the driven shaft 2, planet gearing |88 mounted on the gear carrier |81 and meshing with the sun gear |86, a sun gear |88 surrounding the driven shaft 2, a one-way anchor preventing reverse rotation of the sun gear |88,.planet gearing |9| carried by the gear carrier |81 and meshing with the sun gear |88, a ring gear |82. meshing with -both sets of planet gearing |88 andy |8|, a oneway anchor |820. for preventing reverse rotation of the ring gear, a clutch plate |83 for connecting and disconnecting the sun gear |86 with respect to the turbine rotor 5, a clutch plate |94 for connecting and disconnecting the ring gear |82 with respect to the turbine. rotor 5, a brake |85 for holding the ring gear |82 against rotation, and a centrifugal clutch |86 for connecting and disconnectingthe turbine rotor 5 with respect to the clutch casing |83.

This construction enables a very high torque ratio of about 12:1 to be obtained, by connecting the sun`gear |86 to rotate with the lturbine rotor 5, leaving the other clutches and the brake discnnected. Withthe parts in this position, a torque ratio range from about 12:1 to about 3:1 may be obtained.` For a lower torque ratio range, the sun gear |86 is disconnected from'the turbine rotor and the ringgear |82 is in this position, a torque ratio range from'about 6:1 to 1.5:1 may be obtained. If it is desired to uselthe by-pass emciency booster, the sun gear |86 is connected by means of the clutchplatel vI5 to rotate with the drive shaft With the parts in this position, a torque ratio range from about 2:1 to direct may be obtained. If it is desired to ,eliminate the hydraulic torque c onverter action entirely, the` centrifugal clutch |86 may be so controlled as to connectthe turbine rotor 5 with fthe'clutch casing |88. It will be noted that in this form, as in some of the other forms, the one-way anchors |80 and 82a will prevent the car from slipping back in going up an incline when the'motor is allowed to idle. It will also be-noted that the clutches may all be disconnected from driving relation so that there will be no drag tending to make. the car creep'.

When the sun gear |86 is connected by means of the clutch |83 to rotate with the turbine rotor 5 and the other clutches and the brake |85 are disconnected, the power flow is from the drive shaft through the clutch casing |83, pump rotor 4, stator 1, turbine rotor 5, clutch |83, sungear |86 and planet gearing |88 to the gear carrier |81, `the ring gear |82 being held against reverse rotation by the one-way anchor |92a. I'his gives the highest torque ratio range. When the sun gear |88 is disconnected from the turbine rotor and the ring gear |92 is connected to the turbine rotor by means of the clutch plate |94, power ow is from the drive shaft through the torque converter to the ring gear |92, the sun gear |89 being held against reverse rotation by the one-way anchor |90. When both the sun gear |86 and the ring gear |92 are connected to'rotate in unison with the turbine rotor 5, by the clutch plates |93 and |94, the planetary construction and driven shaft 2 rotate as a unit with the turbine rotor 5.

If the by-pass eiliciency booster isrused, the power ow is divided, one part going through the uid torque converter to the ring gear |92 and the other part going from the drive shaft. through the clutch I5 and' intermediate shaft 3 to the sun gear |86 while the sun gear |89 idles. When the ring gear is not connected with '7 203 and disc 202. when the nuid'reaction on the stato-rotor 1` becomes less vthanl the'force'- exertedon the sun gear" 200 by 'the planet gearing 202,` the sun gear 200 will begin to rotate and the iluld transmission will thereafter act' as a,

coupler, not as a converter. Due to this advanced transformation from converter to coupler,

the change will take place at a more efficient For overdrive, the brake 206 is applied and the clutch 204 may be either connected or disconnected. Under these conditions, the sun gear the clutch |94, the brake |95 may be used to prevent free-wheeling of the ring gear.

In the construction of Fig. 16 a transformer emciency booster is provided and also a by-pass power flow eiliciency booster. 'Ihis construction comprises a drive shaft I, a driven shaft 2, a pump rotor 4, a stato-rotor 1, a one-way anchor |90 for holding the stato-rotor against reverse rotation, a turbine rotor 5 secured to the driven 200 is held stationary and the pump rotor 4 has an overdrive with respect to the,drive shaft I, it being assumed that this overdrive will be used only when the drag on the driven shaft 2 is so small that the uid drive will act as a coupler, not as a fconverter.

'Further modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art and it is desired, theref ore, that the invention be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A hydraulic planetary transmission comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor, a. gear carrier, planet gearing carried by said gear carrier, a unitary ring gear member meshing with said planet gearing, two sun gears,I each meshing with said planet gearing and in force exerting relation with respect-@to said. unitary ring gear member,=means for holding one-of saidsun gears against reverse rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of the turbine rotor,

-' means for connecting the other sun gear to ro'- 200 against over-running the drive shaft I. a

power transmitting disc 202 rotatable with the sun gear 200, a power-transmitting housing 203 connectible and disconnectible withrespect to the power-transmitting disc 202 Aby means of a clutch 204, a one-way clutch 205 to prevent the power-transmitting housing 203 from overrunning the stato-rotor 1, a brake 20|- for holding the disc 202 against rotation, planet gearing 201 molmtedv on the gear carrier |98 and meshing with the ring gear |91, a sun gear 208 surround- -lng th driven Shaft 2 and meshing With the 2 04 and the brake 206 are placed in inoperative position. Under these conditions there will be f atwo-path power ow between the drive shaft and the driven shaft 2. One p ath will be from the drive shaft through the gear carrier |98, planetary gearing 201, sun gear 208, and oneway clutch 209 to the driven shaft 2. The other path will be from the drive shaft l', through the gear carrier 99, planet gearing 201, ring gear |91,-pump rotor 4, stato-rotor 1, and turbine rotor 5to the driven shaft 2. 'I'his will give an overall maximum torque ratioof about 1:3.5.

Asa large proportion of the'power ilows through the efficient sun gear 208, there will bea material increase in efliciency over. an all-fluid drive.

For transformer eilciency, the brake' 205 is still held in off-condition, but the clutch, 204

'is applied to connect the housing 208 with the tate in unison with the turbine rotor, a drive rotor, means for connecting-'said drive rotor in force transmitting relation to said pump rotor,V means for connecting and disconnecting said drive rotorwith respect toA force transmitting relation toy said ring gear member, and means for holding said ring gear member against reverse rotation withrespect to the direction of rotation of said drive rotor'when disconnected with respect to said drive rotor.

2. A hydraulic planetary transmission comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor, a'gear carrier, planet gearing carried by said gear" carrier, a unitary ring gear member meshing with said planet gearing, two sun gears, each meshing with said planet gearing and inforce exerting relation lwith respect to .said unitary ring gear member, one-way anchorage means for'holding oneof` said sun gears against yreverse rotation With respect to the direction of rotation of theturbine spectto said drive rotor.

3. A hydraulic planetary transmission comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor, a gear carrier, planet gearing carried by said gear carrier,

one-way clutch 205, power transmitting housing 75 a unitary ring gear member meshing with said planet gearing, two sun gears-.each meshing with said planet" gearing and in force exerting rela tion with' respect to said unitary ring 'gear member, means for holding one of said sun gears against reverse rotation with respect to the direction orrotation of the turbine rotor,'means for of saiddrive .rotorwhen `disconnected with re-l spect to 'saidfdrive-'roton 4. A hydraulic, lplanetary .transmission comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor, a gear carrier, planet gearing-carried by said gear carrier, a unitaryring gear member meshing with said planet gearing, two sun gears, each meshing with said planetgearing and-in force exerting relation.,with respect to said' unitary ring gear member, one-way anchoragemeans for holding one 'of Asaid sun gears against reverse rotation with respect to the direction ofrotation of the lturbine rotor, means for connectingthe other` sun gear to rotate in unison with the turbine rotor, a drive-rotor, means `for connecting said drive rotor in force transmitting relation to said pump rotor, means for connecting and disconnecting said drive vrotor with respect to force transmitting relation to said ring gear member, and one.- way anchorage means for holding said ring gear member against reverse rotationwith respect'to the direction of rotation of said drive rotor when disconnected with respect to said drive rotola 5. .-A hydraulic planetary transmission comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor, al gear carrier,'planet gearing carried by said `gear carrie/r,

a iirst gear member meshing with said-planet t gearing, two second gears eachmeshing with said' planet gearing and in force exerting relation with respect to said-first gear member, means for holding one of said two second gears against reverse rotation'with respect to the direction loi rotation of the turbine rotor, a drive rotor, means for connecting the other of said two 4second gears to rotate in unison with the turbine rotor, means for connecting said drive rotor in force transmitting relationV to said pump-rotor, means for connecting land disconnecting said driverotor withrespect to force transmitting relationto said first gear member, and means for holding said first gear member against reverse V rotation with respect to the-direction of rotation of said drive rotor when disconnected with respect to said drive rotor.

6, A hydraulicA planetary transmission comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor, -a stator acting between said pump rotorl and turbine rotor, a gear carrier, planet gearing carried by said gear carrier, a first gear member meshing with said planet gearing, two second gears each meshing with said planet gearing and in force exerting relation with respect to said rst gear member, means for holding one of said two second gears against reverse rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of the turbine rotor, a drive rotor, means-for connecting the other of said two second gears to rotate in unison with the turbine rotor, means for connecting said drive rotor in force transmitting relation to said pump rotor,

rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of said drive rotor when disconnected with respect to said drive rotor.

7 A hydraulic planetary transmissionv comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor, afstator acting between said pump rotor and turbine rotor, a gear carrier, planet gearing carried by said gearcarrier, a unitary ring gear member meshing with said planet gearing, two sun gears, each meshing with said planet gearing and in force exerting relation with respect to said unitary ring gear member, means for holding one of said.

sun gears against reverse rotation with respect tothe -`directionof rotation otl the turbine rotor,

means for'connecting the other sun gear to ro- Y tate-in unison with the turbine rotor, a drive rotor, means for connecting said drive rotor in force transmitting relation to said pump rotor,

means for, connecting and 'disconnecting 'said drive rotor with respect to force transmitting relation to said ring gear member, and means for holding said ring gear member against reverse,

rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of said drive rotor when disconnected with respect-to said drive rotor.

1 8. A hydraulic planetary transmission comprising a pump`rotor, a turbine rotor, a stator-acting between said pump rotor and turbine rotor, a gear carrier, planetgearing carried .by said gear carrier, a unitary ring gear member meshing with said planet gearing, two sun gears, each meshing with said planet gearing` and in force exerting relation with respect to said unitary ring gear member, one-way anchorage means for holding one of said sun gears against reverse rotation with respect to the directionof rotation vofthe turbine rotor, means forconnecting the other sun gear to rotate in unison with the turbine rotor, a drive rotor, means for connecting said drive rotor in force transmitting relation to said pump rotor, means for connectingand discon- Y necting said drive rotor with respect toforce 1 transmitting relation to said ring gearmember,

and one-way anchoragemeans for Aholding said ring gear member against reverse rotation with respect to the direction of rotation of said drive rotor when disconnected with respect to said drive rotor. t Y

9. A hydraulic planetary transmission comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor, a stator acting between said pump rotor and turbine rotor, a gear carrier, planet gearing carried -by said `gear car,

rier, a first gear member meshing fwith said planet gearing, two second gears each meshing with said planet gearing and in force exerting relation with respect to said rst gear member, means for holding one of said two second gears against reverse rotation with respect tothe direction of rotation of the turbine rotor, a drive rotor, selective means for connecting the other of said two second gears to rotate in unison either .with said drive rotor or with the turbine rotor, means for connecting said drive rotor in force transmitting relation to said pump rotor, means fior connecting and discon coaxial therewithfsaid planetary transmission comprising two sun gears, a unitary ring gear member, a gear carrier, and planetary gearing mounteg on said carrier and meshing with said ring gear member and both sun gears, a drive rotary member, a driven'rotary member, said gear carrier being connected to rotate in unison With said driven rotary member, means for holding one.

of said s'un gears against reverse rotation with respect to said drive rotary member, means for holding said unitary ring gear against reverse rotation With respect to said drive rotary member, and selective means for connecting either said other sun gear orsaid unitary ring gear member, or both, in force transmission relation with respect to said drive rotary member to provide three different selectible power ow paths, at least one of said paths including said vaned rotors.A

11. A variable speed transmission comprising a. hydraulic torque converter and a planetary gear construction, said converter comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor and a stator, said planetary gear construction comprising a gear carrier, planet gearing carried by said gear carrier, a sun gear meshing With said planet gearing and a ring gear meshing with said planet gearing, a drive shaft for rotating the pump rotor, a driven shaft connected to rotate in unison with said gear carrier, means connecting one of said gears to rotate in unison with said turbine rotor, a one-way anchor for preventing reverse rotation ofthe other gear with respect to said turbine rotor, clutch means for connecting and disconnecting said other gear with respect to said turbine rotor to cause said other gear either to rotate in unison with the turbine rotor or to release said other gear to leave it free to be anchored by 'said oneway anchor, and clutch means for connecting said driven lshaft to rotate in unison with said drive shaft.

12. A variable speed transmission comprising a hydraulic torque converter and a planetary gear construction, said converter comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor and a stator, said planetary gear construction comprising a gear carrier, planet gearing carried by said'gear carrier, a sun gear meshing with said planet gearing and a ring gear meshing with said planet gearing, a drive shaft for rotating the pump rotor, a driven shaft connected to rotate in unison with said gear carrier, means connecting said sun gearto rotate in unison with said turbine rotor, a one-way anchor for preventing reverse rotation of said ring gear with respect to said turbine rotor, clutch means for connecting and disconnecting said ring gear with respect to said turbine rotor to cause said ring gear either to rotate in unison with the turbine rotor or to release the ring gear to leave it free to be anchored by said one-way anchor, and cltch means for connecting said driven shaft to rotate in unison with said drive shaft.

13. A variable speed transmission comprising a hydraulic torque converter and a .planetary gear construction, said converter comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor and a stator, said planetary gear construction comprising a gear carrier, planet gearing carried by said gear-carrier, a sun gear meshing with said planet gearing and a ring gear meshing with said planet gearing, a drive shaft for rotating the pump rotor, a driven shaft connected to rotatein unison -With said gear carrier, means connecting said sun gear to rotate in unison with said turbine rotor, a one-way anchor for lpreventing reverse rotation ofy said ring gear with respect to said turbine rotor, clutch means comprising a gripping rotor connected to rotate in unison with said ring gear, and a gripping rotor connectedto rotate in unison with said turbine rotor for connecting and disconnecting said ring gear with respect to said turbine rotor to cause said ring gear either to rotate in unison with the turbine rotor or to release the ring gear to leave itl free to be anchored by said one-way anchor, and clutch means for connecting said driven shaft to rotate in unison with said drive shaft.

14. A variable speed transmission comprising a hydraulic torque converter and a planetary gear construction, said converter comprising a pump' y planet gearing carried by said gear carrier, a sun gear meshing with said planet gearing and a, ring 'gear meshing with said planet gearing, a drive shaft for rotating-the pump rotor, a driven shaft connected to rotate in unison with said gear carrier, clutch instrumentalities for alternatively connecting one of said gears either to rotate in unison with said turbine rotor or with said drive 1 shaft, a one-way anchor for preventing revers'e rotation of the other gear vvith respect to said turbine rotor, and clutch meansfor connecting and disconnecting said other gear with respect to said turbine rotor to cause said other gear either to i tate in unison with the turbine rotor or to release said other gear to leave it free to be anchored by said one-way anchor.

15. A variable speed transmission comprising a hydraulic torque converter and a planetary gear construction, said converter comprising a pump rotor, a turbine rotor and a stator, said planetary gear constructionV comprising .a gear carrier,

4planet gearing carried by said gear carrier, a sun 'gear meshing with said planet gearing and a ring gear meshing with said planet gearing, a drive shaft for rotating the pump rotor, a driven shaft connected to rotate in unison with said gear carrier, clutch instrumentalities for alternatively connecting said sun gear either to rotate in Vunison with said turbine rotor or with said drive shaft, a one-way anchor for preventing reverse rotation of said ring gear with respect to said turbine rotor, and clutch means for connecting and disconnecting said' 1mg gear with respect to said turbine rotor' te cause said ring gear either to rotate in unison with the turbine rotor or to release the ring gear to leave it free to be anchored by said ane-Way anchor.

' WILLARD L. POLLARD. 

